آسیب شناسی بافتی | Histopathology

در بخش هیستوپاتولوژی مجموعه آزمایشگاه های سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما، جهت ارزیابی آسیب شناسی بافتی (histopathology) تستهای درون تنی (in vivo) حوزه زیست سازگاری (biocompatibility) موارد زیر به دقت رعایت می شود:

• جهت ارزیابی صحیح آسیب شناسی بافتی، نمونه گیری با کیفیت، ضروری است، بنابراین جهت جداسازی بافت ها از بدن نهایت دقت صورت می گیرد تا بافت له نشود.
• جهت جلوگیری از خشک شدن، بافت ها به سرعت در محلول تثبیت کننده / فیکساتور (tissue fixative solution) قرار خواهند گرفت.
• جهت آماده سازی بافت های حساس مانند تیرویید و غدد فوق کلیوی، اصلاح بافت به دقت و پس از تثبیت در محلول تثبیت کننده انجام می شود تا از تخریب بافت جلوگیری شود.
• نمونه بافتی به دقت و به صورت کامل از بدن جدا می شود.
• در آزمون کاشت (implantation test)، نمونه بافتی طوری جداسازی می شود تا مقداری از ماده آزمایش (test sample) را هم دربر گیرد.
• در صورتیکه ابعاد نمونه بزرگ باشد، چند برش در بافت مورد نظر باید ایجاد می شود تا محلول تثبیت کننده (محلول فیکساتیو) به راحتی به داخل بافت نفوذ کند و سپس بافت داخل محلول فیکساتور (tissue fixative solution) قرار خواهد گرفت.
• محلول فیکساتور پس از  ۲۴ ساعت با محلول تازه، تعویض خواهد شد و بسته به اندازه نمونه، به مدت ۲۴ تا ۷۲ ساعت در دمای محیط نگهداری می شود تا نمونه تثبیت شود.
• در بخش هیستوپاتولوژی مجموعه آزمایشگاههای سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما، از محلول بافر پارافرمالدهید یا فرمالین 10 درصد (paraformaldehyde) جهت تثبیت کردن بافت های بدن استفاده می شود.

#محلول فیکساتور #محلول فیکساتیو #محلول فیکس کننده #محلول تثبیت کننده #آزمایشگاه همکار سازمان ملی استاندارد #آزمایشگاه همکار سازمان غذا و دارو #آزمایشگاه همکار اداره کل تجهیزات پزشکی #آزمایشگاه سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما # آزمایشگاه کیاژن فارما #آزمایشگاه کنترل کیفی کیاژن فارما #تعرفه آزمون های زیست سازگاری #قیمت آزمون های زیست سازگاری #قیمت آزمون های سم شناسی #تعرفه آزمون های سم شناسی #آزمون های کالای وارداتی #آزمون های کالای صادراتی #آزمون های تولیدات دارویی #همکار شرکت های دارویی #Kiagenpharma# Kiagen# اصلاح و نباتات #آزمون های تخصصی گمرکی #آزمون های گمرکی

نحوه گرفتن مقاطع بافتی جهت هیستوپاتولوژی ؟!

در بخش پاتولوژی مجموعه آزمایشگاه های سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما، در آزمون کاشت، جهت مقطع گیری از تجهیزات پزشکی سخت مانند فلز یا پلاستیک متراکم، ابتدا ماده آزمایش (test sample) به دقت از کپسول اطراف آن جدا شده، سپس از بافت، مقطع گرفته خواهد شد، اما جهت مقطع گیری تجهیزات و لوازم پزشکی نرم، از خود نمونه هم جهت پردازش و برش استفاده خواهد شد، بدین منظور مراحل زیر انجام می شود:

• نمونه بافتی به قطعات در ابعاد 2 تا 3 میلی متر برش خورده و در بسکت پلاستیکی قرار خواهد گرفت.
• نمونه بافتی در دستگاه دیجیتال اتوتکنیکون (tissue processor) قرار گرفته و بر اساس پروتکل استاندارد توسط الکل، گزیلل و پارافین، آبگیری و شفاف سازی خواهد شد.
• نمونه بافتی توسط دستگاه توزیع کننده پارافین (paraffin dispenser)، قالب گیری و بلوک پارافینی تهیه خواهد شد.
• مقاطع بافتی با استفاده از دستگاه میکروتوم روتاری (rotary microtome)، به ضخامت ۳ میکرون، تهیه خواهد شد.
• مقاطع بافتی، روی لام چسبانده و پس از خشک شدن، به روش هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین (H&E) هاریس رنگ آمیزی خواهد شد.
• مقاطع بافتی، از نظر تغییرات عمومی و اختصاصی آسیب شناسی بافتی (histopathology)، توسط آسیب شناس (pathologist) مورد ارزیابی دقیق قرار خواهد گرفت.

#محلول فیکساتور #محلول فیکساتیو #محلول فیکس کننده #محلول تثبیت کننده #آزمایشگاه همکار سازمان ملی استاندارد #آزمایشگاه همکار سازمان غذا و دارو #آزمایشگاه همکار اداره کل تجهیزات پزشکی #آزمایشگاه سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما # آزمایشگاه کیاژن فارما #آزمایشگاه کنترل کیفی کیاژن فارما #تعرفه آزمون های زیست سازگاری #قیمت آزمون های زیست سازگاری #قیمت آزمون های سم شناسی #تعرفه آزمون های سم شناسی #آزمون های کالای وارداتی #آزمون های کالای صادراتی #آزمون های تولیدات دارویی #همکار شرکت های دارویی #Kiagenpharma# Kiagen# اصلاح و نباتات #آزمون های تخصصی گمرکی #آزمون های گمرکی

استاندارد های زیست سازگاری | References

ISO 10993-1: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Evaluation and testing within a risk management process.

ISO 10993-2: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Animal welfare requirements.

ISO 10993-3: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity.

ISO 10993-4: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Selection of tests for interactions with blood.

ISO 10993-5: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity.

ISO 10993-6: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for local effects after implantation.

ISO 10993-7: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Ethylene oxide sterilization residuals.

ISO 10993-8: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Selection and qualification of reference materials for biological tests.

ISO 10993-9: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Framework for identification and quantification of potential degradation products.

ISO 10993-10: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for skin sensitization.

ISO 10993-11: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for systemic toxicity.

ISO 10993-12: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Sample preparation and reference materials.

ISO 10993-13: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Identification and quantification of degradation products from polymeric medical devices.

ISO 10993-14: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Identification and quantification of degradation products from ceramics.

ISO 10993-15: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Identification and quantification of degradation products from metals and alloys.

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ISO 10993-17: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Toxicological risk assessment of medical device constituents.

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OECD Test No. 481: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: Saacharomyces cerevisiae, Miotic Recombination Assay.

OECD Test No. 482: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells in vitro.

OECD Test No. 483: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosomal Aberration Test.

OECD Test No. 484: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: Mouse Spot Test.

OECD Test No. 485: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic toxicology, Mouse Heritable Translocation Assay.

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OECD Test No. 487: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test.

OECD Test No. 488: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays.

OECD Test No. 489: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay.

OECD Test No. 490: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene.

OECD Test No. 491: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Short Time Exposure In Vitro Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 492: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Reconstructed human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) test method for identifying chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage.

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OECD Test No. 494: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 495: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity.

OECD Test No. 496: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In vitro Macromolecular Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 497: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation.

OECD Test No. 498: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In vitro Phototoxicity – Reconstructed Human Epidermis Phototoxicity test method.

OECD Test No. 19: Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation. Environmental Health and Safety Monograph Series on Testing and Assessment.