کاربرد ضددرد موضعی و بی حس کننده سیستمیک در حیوانات آزمایشگاهی چیست ؟! Local and Systemic Analgesics

در مجموعه آزمایشگاه های سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما، از انواع ضددرد و بی حس کننده های موضعی (local) و سیستمیک (systemic) جهت پیشگیری و یا کاهش درد و آزردگی ناشی از بیماری و یا تیمار حیوانات آزمون با نمونه آزمایش استفاده می شود. هدف از این بخش، به اشتراک گذاشتن تجربیات بخش حیوانی کیاژن فارما جهت استفاده از داروهای ضد درد موضعی و بی حس کننده های سیستمیک می باشد.

• در تست هایی نظیر تستکاشت (implantation test)، تستتب زایی (pyrogenicity in rabbits)، تستتحریکزایی چشمی (eye irritation test)، تست حد در دوز های بالا و سایر موارد دردناک، تکنسین های بخش حیوانی کیاژن فارما، تحت نظر دامپزشک آزمایشگاه، از داروهای استاندارد و با کارایی قابل قبول استفاده می کنند.
• ضددرد های موضعی (local analgesics) معمولا بر روی غشاهای مخاطی مثل بینی و چشم و بی‌حس کننده سیستمیک (systemic analgesics) معمولا به روش تزریق مستقیم به بافت و اطراف گره های عصبی تجویز می شود.

داروهای ضددرد موضعی و بی‌حس کننده سیستمیک پیشنهاد شده توسط منابع علمی معتبر در جداول زیر اشاره شده است:

#تکسین دهنده درد # بی حسی موضعی #بی‌حسی موضعی # نارکوتیک #آنتی بیوتیک #آنتی‌بیوتیک #انتی بیوتیک #ضددرد سیستمیک #ضد درد سیستمیک #بی حس کننده سیستمیک #بی‌حس کننده سیستمیک #تسکین دهنده درد # بی حسی سیستمیک #بی‌حسی سیستمیک #مسکن درد #qn nvn #qnnvn #ls;k #js;dk nikni #fd ps ;kkni # Hkjd fd,jd; #hkjd fd,jd; #آنتیبیوتیک #آرامبخش #آرام بخش

#ضددرد موضعی #ضد درد موضعی #بی حس کننده موضعی #بی‌حس کننده موضعی #تکسین دهنده درد # بی حسی موضعی #تسکین دهنده درد #مسکن درد #qn nvn #qnnvn #ls;k #js;dk nikni #fd ps ;kkni # Hkjd fd,jd; #hkjd fd,jd; #آنتیبیوتیک #آرامبخش #آرام بخش

#آزمایشگاه همکار سازمان ملی استاندارد #آزمایشگاه همکار سازمان غذا و دارو #آزمایشگاه همکار اداره کل تجهیزات پزشکی #آزمایشگاه سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما # آزمایشگاه کیاژن فارما #آزمایشگاه کنترل کیفی کیاژن فارما #تعرفه آزمون های زیست سازگاری #قیمت آزمون های زیست سازگاری #قیمت آزمون های سم شناسی #تعرفه آزمون های سم شناسی #آزمون های کالای وارداتی #آزمون های کالای صادراتی #آزمون های تولیدات دارویی #همکار شرکت های دارویی #Kiagenpharma# Kiagen# اصلاح و نباتات #آزمون های تخصصی گمرکی #آزمون های گمرکی

داروهای پیشنهادی توسط دامپزشک بخش حیوانی مجموعه آزمایشگاه های سنجش و پایش کیاژن فارما جهت انجام آزمون های درونتنی (in vivo)، به همراه دوز و مسیر تجویز آن، در جدول زیر اشاره شده است:

#بی حس کننده موضعی #بی‌حس کننده موضعی #تکسین دهنده درد # نارکوتیک #آنتی بیوتیک #آنتی‌بیوتیک #انتی بیوتیک #ضددرد سیستمیک #ضد درد سیستمیک #بی حس کننده سیستمیک # بی حسی سیستمیک #بی‌حسی سیستمیک #مسکن درد #qn nvn #qnnvn #ls;k #js;dk nikni #fd ps ;kkni # Hkjd fd,jd; #hkjd fd,jd; #آنتیبیوتیک #آرامبخش #آرام بخش

کاربرد آنتی بیوتیک در حیوانات آزمایشگاهی چیست ؟! Antibiotics

در موارد بیماری و یا در صورت لزوم بعد از عمل جراحی جهت جلوگیری از عفونت ثانویه ناشی از جراحی، انواع آنتی‌بیوتیک به حیوانات آزمایشگاهی خورانده یا تزریق می شود. در جدول زیر آنتی بیوتیک های پیشنهادی توسط مراجع معتبر علمی اشاره شده است:

بر اساس تجربه دامپزشک کیاژن فارما، تجویز تری متوپریم / سولفامتوکسازول که در کشور ما به کوتریموکسازول یا Trisol معروف است به صورت خوراکی و یا سفازولین (Cefazolin) در دوز ۲۲ میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به صورت داخل عضلانی پیشنهاد می شود، با این حال از استفاده بی مورد آن خودداری کنید، زیرا ممکن است در نتایج تست های حیوانی (درون تنی) تاثیر منفی بگذارد.

#ضددرد موضعی #ضد درد موضعی #بی حس کننده موضعی #بی‌حس کننده موضعی #تکسین دهنده درد # بی حسی موضعی #بی‌حسی موضعی # نارکوتیک #آنتی بیوتیک #آنتی‌بیوتیک #انتی بیوتیک #ضددرد سیستمیک #ضد درد سیستمیک #تسکین دهنده درد #qn nvn #qnnvn #ls;k #js;dk nikni #fd ps ;kkni # Hkjd fd,jd; #hkjd fd,jd; #آرامبخش #آرام بخش

استانداردهای زیست سازگاری

ISO 10993-1: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Evaluation and testing within a risk management process.

ISO 10993-2: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Animal welfare requirements.

ISO 10993-3: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity.

ISO 10993-4: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Selection of tests for interactions with blood.

ISO 10993-5: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity.

ISO 10993-6: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for local effects after implantation.

ISO 10993-7: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Ethylene oxide sterilization residuals.

ISO 10993-8: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Selection and qualification of reference materials for biological tests.

ISO 10993-9: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Framework for identification and quantification of potential degradation products.

ISO 10993-10: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for skin sensitization.

ISO 10993-11: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for systemic toxicity.

ISO 10993-12: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Sample preparation and reference materials.

ISO 10993-13: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Identification and quantification of degradation products from polymeric medical devices.

ISO 10993-14: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Identification and quantification of degradation products from ceramics.

ISO 10993-15: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Identification and quantification of degradation products from metals and alloys.

ISO 10993-16: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Toxicokinetic study design for degradation products and leachables.

ISO 10993-17: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Toxicological risk assessment of medical device constituents.

ISO 10993-18: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Chemical characterization of medical device materials within a risk management process.

ISO 10993-19: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Physico-chemical, morphological and topographical characterization of materials.

ISO 10993-20: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Principles and methods for immunotoxicology testing of medical devices.

ISO 10993-22: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Guidance on nanomaterials.

ISO 10993-23: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices – Tests for irritation.

OECD Test No. 401: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Oral Toxicity.

OECD Test No. 402: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Dermal Toxicity.

OECD Test No. 403: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Inhalation Toxicity.

OECD Test No. 404: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion.

OECD Test No. 405: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion.

OECD Test No. 406: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Skin Sensitisation.

OECD Test No. 407: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents.

OECD Test No. 408: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents.

OECD Test No. 409: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non-Rodents.

OECD Test No. 410: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study.

OECD Test No. 411: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-day Study.

OECD Test No. 412: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study.

OECD Test No. 413: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-day Study.

OECD Test No. 414: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study.

OECD Test No. 415: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study.

OECD Test No. 416: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity.

OECD Test No. 417: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Toxicokinetics.

OECD Test No. 418: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorus Substances Following Acute Exposure.

OECD Test No. 419: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorus Substances: 28-day Repeated Dose Study.

OECD Test No. 420: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Oral Toxicity – Fixed Dose Procedure.

OECD Test No. 421: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test.

OECD Test No. 422: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test.

OECD Test No. 423: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Oral toxicity – Acute Toxic Class Method.

OECD Test No. 424: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Neurotoxicity Study in Rodents.

OECD Test No. 425: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure.

OECD Test No. 426: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Developmental Neurotoxicity Study.

OECD Test No. 427: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method.

OECD Test No. 428: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method.

OECD Test No. 429: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Skin Sensitisation.

OECD Test No. 430: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test Method (TER).

OECD Test No. 431: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In vitro skin corrosion: reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) test method.

OECD Test No. 432: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test.

OECD Test No. 433: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Fixed Concentration Procedure.

OECD Test No. 434: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Dermal Toxicity – Fixed Dose Procedure.

OECD Test No. 435: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion.

OECD Test No. 436: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Acute Inhalation Toxicity – Acute Toxic Class Method.

OECD Test No. 437: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 438: Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 439: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method.

OECD Test No. 440: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents.

OECD Test No. 441: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Hershberger Bioassay in Rats.

OECD Test No. 442A: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Skin Sensitization – Local Lymph Node Assay: DA.

OECD Test No. 442B: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Skin Sensitization – Local Lymph Node Assay: BrdU-ELISA or –FCM.

OECD Test No. 442C: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Chemico Skin Sensitisation – Assays addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway key event on covalent binding to proteins.

OECD Test No. 442D: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Skin Sensitisation – ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase Test Method.

OECD Test No. 442E: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – 442E: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation – In Vitro Skin Sensitisation assays addressing the Key Event on activation of dendritic cells on the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation.

OECD Test No. 443: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study.

OECD Test No. 451: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Carcinogenicity Studies.

OECD Test No. 452: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Chronic Toxicity Studies.

OECD Test No. 453: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies.

OECD Test No. 455: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists.

OECD Test No. 456: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – H295R Steroidogenesis Assay.

OECD Test No. 457: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – BG1Luc Estrogen Receptor Transactivation Test Method for Identifying Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists.

OECD Test No. 458: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Stably Transfected Human Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activation Assay for Detection of Androgenic Agonist and Antagonist Activity of Chemicals.

OECD Test No. 460: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Fluorescein Leakage Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants.

OECD Test No. 471: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test.

OECD Test No. 473: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test.

OECD Test No. 474: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test.

OECD Test No. 475: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosomal Aberration Test.

OECD Test No. 476: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests using the Hprt and xprt genes.

OECD Test No. 477: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster.

OECD Test No. 478: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Rodent Dominant Lethal Test.

OECD Test No. 479: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: In vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells.

OECD Test No. 480: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gene Mutation Assay.

OECD Test No. 481: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: Saacharomyces cerevisiae, Miotic Recombination Assay.

OECD Test No. 482: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells in vitro.

OECD Test No. 483: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosomal Aberration Test.

OECD Test No. 484: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic Toxicology: Mouse Spot Test.

OECD Test No. 485: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Genetic toxicology, Mouse Heritable Translocation Assay.

OECD Test No. 486: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) Test with Mammalian Liver Cells in vivo.

OECD Test No. 487: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test.

OECD Test No. 488: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays.

OECD Test No. 489: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay.

OECD Test No. 490: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene.

OECD Test No. 491: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Short Time Exposure In Vitro Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 492: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Reconstructed human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) test method for identifying chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage.

OECD Test No. 493: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Performance-Based Test Guideline for Human Recombinant Estrogen Receptor (hrER) In Vitro Assays to Detect Chemicals with ER Binding Affinity.

OECD Test No. 494: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 495: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity.

OECD Test No. 496: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In vitro Macromolecular Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage.

OECD Test No. 497: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation.

OECD Test No. 498: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals – In vitro Phototoxicity – Reconstructed Human Epidermis Phototoxicity test method.

OECD Test No. 19: Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation. Environmental Health and Safety Monograph Series on Testing and Assessment.

#ضددرد موضعی #ضد درد موضعی #بی حس کننده موضعی #بی‌حس کننده موضعی #تکسین دهنده درد # بی حسی موضعی #بی‌حسی موضعی #آنتی بیوتیک #آنتی‌بیوتیک #انتی بیوتیک #تسکین دهنده درد #مسکن درد #qn nvn #qnnvn #ls;k #js;dk nikni #fd ps ;kkni # Hkjd fd,jd; #hkjd fd,jd; #آرامبخش #آرام بخش